پایان نامه بررسی پتانسیل ریز ازدیادی و باز زایی در تعدادی از ارقام زراعی و گونه های یک ساله یونجه

فهرست و منابع پایان نامه بررسی پتانسیل ریز ازدیادی و باز زایی در تعدادی از ارقام زراعی و گونه های یک ساله یونجه

فهرست:

فصل اول: کلیات

مقدمه .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

1-1- تاریخچه و خصوصیات گیاه شناسی یونجه................................................................................................................................................................3

1-1-1- اهمیت و گیاهشناسی یونجه....................................................................................................................................................................................3

1-1-2- ژنتیک و گروه‌های مختلف یونجه...........................................................................................................................................................................3

1-1-3- انواع یونجه زراعی داخلی .......................................................................................................................................................................................4

1-2- اهمیت کشت بافت..........................................................................................................................................................................................................4

1-3- کشت بافت گیاهی .........................................................................................................................................................................................................5

1- 4- تاریخچه کشت بافت یونجه..........................................................................................................................................................................................7

 

فصل دوم: بررسی ادبیات موضوع و سابقه تحقیق

2-1- باززایی درون شیشه­ای................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10

2-1-1- باززایی مستقیم در یونجه.......................................................................................................................................................................................10

2-1-2- باززایی غیرمستقیم در یونجه................................................................................................................................................................................13

 

فصل سوم: روش تحقیق

3-1- رقم مورداستفاده...........................................................................................................................................................................................................24

3-2- محیط کشت، ترکیبات و آماده سازی آن................................................................................................................................................................24

3-2-1- محلول­های ذخیره مواد معدنی برای تهیه محیط کشتSH  .......................................................................................................................34

3-2-2- محلول های ذخیره مواد تنظیم کننده رشد....................................................................................................................................................25

3-3- شرایط کشت، ضد عفونی بذر و کشت ریزنمونه­ها..................................................................................................................................................26

3-3-1- باززایی مستقیم  از گره ساقه.................................................................................................................................................................................26

3-3-2- سازگاری گیاهچه­ها..................................................................................................................................................................................................28

3-4- باززایی غیرمستقیم ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28

3- 5- روش و ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات..................................................................................................................................................................................30

3-6- روش آماری و تجزیه داده­ها.........................................................................................................................................................................................30

 

فصل چهارم: تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات

4-1- القاء جوانه و باززایی .....................................................................................................................................................................................................32

4-1-1- القاء جوانه در محیط کشت  SIM I......................................................................................................................................................................32

4-1-2- باززایی شاخساره در محیط کشت SIM I...........................................................................................................................................................35

4-1-3- القاء جوانه در محیط کشت  SIM II....................................................................................................................................................................37

4-1-4- باززایی شاخساره در محیط کشتSIM II  ........................................................................................................................................................40

4-1-5- اثر ژنوتیپ­های مختلف یونجه چند­ساله و یکساله در القاء جوانه و باززایی شاخساره در محیط کشت SIM I....................................43

4-1-5-1- اثر ژنوتیپ­های مختلف یونجه­های چند­ساله در القاء جوانه در محیط کشت  SIM I...........................................................................43

4-1-5-2- اثر ژنوتیپ­های مختلف یونجه­های یکساله در القاء جوانه در محیط کشت  SIM I..............................................................................43

4-1-5-3- اثر ژنوتیپ­های مختلف یونجه­ چند­ساله در باززایی شاخساره در محیط کشت  SIM I.......................................................................44

4-1-5-4- اثر ژنوتیپ­های مختلف یونجه­ یکساله در باززایی شاخساره در محیط کشت  SIM I..........................................................................45

4-1-6- اثر ژنوتیپ­های مختلف یونجه چند­ساله و یکساله در القاء جوانه و باززایی شاخساره در محیط کشتSIM II....................................45

4-1-6-1- اثر ژنوتیپ­های مختلف یونجه چندساله در القاء جوانه در محیط کشت SIM II..................................................................................45

4-1-6-2- اثر ژنوتیپ­های مختلف یونجه­ یکساله در القاء جوانه در محیط کشت  SIM II.....................................................................................46

4-1-6-3- اثر ژنوتیپ­های مختلف یونجه چند­ساله در باززایی شاخساره در محیط کشت  SIM II.....................................................................47

4-1-6-4- اثر ژنوتیپ­های مختلف یونجه یکساله در باززایی شاخساره در محیط کشت  SIM II.........................................................................47

4-2- ریشه­زایی........................................................................................................................................................................................................................48

4-2-1- ایجاد ریشه در یونجه­های چند­ساله......................................................................................................................................................................48

4-2-2- درصد ایجاد ریشه در یونجه­های چند­ساله..........................................................................................................................................................48

4-2-3- درصد ایجاد ریشه در یونجه­های یکساله..............................................................................................................................................................50

4-3- سازگاری و انتقال به شرایط گلخانه...........................................................................................................................................................................50

4-4- القاء کالوس در یونجه­های چند­ساله و یکساله.........................................................................................................................................................51

4-4-1- باززایی غیرمستقیم از کالوس یونجه.....................................................................................................................................................................52

 

فصل پنجم: نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادات

5-1- یونجه­های چند­ساله.......................................................................................................................................................................................................55

5-1-1- باززایی مستقیم ........................................................................................................................................................................................................55

5-1-1-1- القاء جوانه و باززایی شاخساره تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف BAP و NAA ..............................................................................................55

5-1-1-2- القاء جوانه و باززایی شاخساره تحت تاثیر TDZ همراه با AgNO3 .........................................................................................................56

5-2- یونجه­های یکساله..........................................................................................................................................................................................................56

5-2-1- باززایی مستقیم ........................................................................................................................................................................................................56

5-2-1-1- القاء جوانه و باززایی شاخساره تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف BAP و NAA ..............................................................................................56

5-2-1-2- القاء جوانه و باززایی شاخساره تحت تاثیر TDZ همراه با AgNO3...........................................................................................................57

5-3- باززایی غیر مستقیم در یونجه­های چند­ساله و یکساله..........................................................................................................................................59

5-4- نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادات...........................................................................................................................................................................................60

فهرست منابع و ماخذ.............................................................................................................................................................................................................61

چکیده انگلیسی.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................

منبع:

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