پایان نامه بررسی کارایی پراکسید هیدروژن و پراکسید هیدروژن نانو ذرات آهن صفر در حذف رنگ Acid Red 18 از فاضلاب سنتتیک

فهرست و منابع پایان نامه بررسی کارایی پراکسید هیدروژن و پراکسید هیدروژن نانو ذرات آهن صفر در حذف رنگ Acid Red 18 از فاضلاب سنتتیک

فهرست:

فصل نخست.................................................................................................................................................1

مقدمه............................................................................................................................................2

طبقه بندی رنگ ها ........................................................................................................................4

1-2-1- رنگ های اسیدی..........................................................................................................................7

1-2-2- رنگ های راکتیو...........................................................................................................................7

1-2-3- رنگ های کمپلکس فلزی ............................................................................................................8

1-2-4- رنگ های مستقیم.........................................................................................................................9

1-2-5- رنگ های بازی............................................................................................................................9

1-2-6- رنگ های دندانه ای....................................................................................................................10

1-2-7- رنگ های پخش شونده...............................................................................................................10

1-2-8- رنگ های خمره ای....................................................................................................................10

1-2-9- رنگ های آزو.............................................................................................................................10

1-2-10- رنگ های گوگردی...................................................................................................................11

1-3- مشکلات ناشی از وجود رنگ در پساب...........................................................................................12

تاریخچه نانو فناوری....................................................................................................................14

خواص مواد نانومتری...................................................................................................................16

ساختار و نحوه عملکرد ذرات نانو در محیط متخلخل....................................................................18

نحوه عملکرد ذرات نانو با آلاینده ها.............................................................................................18

 

فصل دوم: پیشینه و روش ها.....................................................................................................................20

 

2-1- روش ها حذف رنگ......................................................................................................................21

2-1-1- عملیات تصفیه فیزیکی...............................................................................................................21

2-1-2- فرآیندهای تصفیه شیمیایی..........................................................................................................21

2-1-3- فرآیندهای تصفیه بیولوژیکی.......................................................................................................21

 

2-2- مقایسه روش های مختلف حذف رنگ............................................................................................21

 

2-3-  انواع تصفیه...................................................................................................................................24

2-3-1- جذب.........................................................................................................................................24

2-3-2-  تصفیه بیولوژیکی.......................................................................................................................24

2-3-3- روش های الکتروشیمیایی...................................................................................................................25

2-3-4- ازن زنی...............................................................................................................................................25

2-3-5- فرآیند فنتون........................................................................................................................................26

2-3-6- اکسیداسیون پیشرفته............................................................................................................................27

 

2-4- مکانیسم واکنش نانو ذرات آهن صفر ظرفیتی با رنگ...........................................................................................28

 

 

2-5- مروری بر مطالعات پیشین در مورد حذف رنگ Acid Red 18 و رنگ های دیگر...................................29

 

فصل سوم: مواد، دستگاهها  و روش اندازه گیری..............................................................................................31

3-1- دستگاه آزمایشی......................................................................................................................................32

3-2-  مواد و وسایل مورد نیاز..........................................................................................................................37

3-3- تعیین مشخصات رنگ آزوی Acid Red 18 ......................................................................................39

3-4- روش انجام تحقیق...................................................................................................................................40

3-5- طراحی آزمایش.......................................................................................................................................43

 

فصل چهارم: نتایج.............................................................................................................................................45

4-1- نتایج کلی آزمایش ها با پراکسیدهیدروژن تنها........................................................................................46

4-2- نتایج کلی آزمایش ها با پراکسید هیدروژن – نانو ذرات آهن صفر ظرفیتی (Fe0/H2O2)........................56

4-3- نتایج متغییرهای بهینه آزمایش با پراکسید هیدروژن – نانو ذرات آهن صفر ظرفیتی (Fe0/H2O2).......68

4-3-1- اثر pH محلول...................................................................................................................................68

4-3-2- اثر زمان تماس....................................................................................................................................69

4-3-3- اثر غلظت اولیه رنگ...........................................................................................................................70

4-3-4- اثر پراکسید هیدروژن تنها در غلطت های مختلف، همراه با سایر پارامترهای بهینه(H2O2)...............71

4-3-5- تاثیر NZVI در غلظت های مختلف همراه با پراکسید هیدروژن و سایر پارامترهای بهینه...................72

 

4-4- نتایج آزمایش ها با فرآیند پراکسید هیدروژن تنها همراه با سایر پارامترهای بهینه(H2O2).......................73

4-4-1- اثر pH محلول....................................................................................................................................73

4-4-2- اثر زمان تماس....................................................................................................................................74

4-4-3- اثر غلظت اولیه رنگ..........................................................................................................................75

4-3- مقایسه کارایی پراکسید هیدروژن و نانو ذرات آهن صفر – پراکسیدهیدروژن در حذف

 Acid Red 18 از فاضلاب سنتتیک................................................................................................................76

فصل پنجم: نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادها.................................................................................................................78

5-1- بحث........................................................................................................................................................79

5-2- نتیجه گیری..............................................................................................................................................81

5-3- پیشنهادها:................................................................................................................................................82

5-3-1- پیشنهادات اجرایی..............................................................................................................................82

5-3-2- پیشنهادات پژوهشی............................................................................................................................83

فهرست مراجع..................................................................................................................................................84

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