پایان نامه کنترل اتوماتیک فشار خون با استفاده از کنترلر PID و تنظیم پارامتر های آن توسط الگوریتم ژنتیک

فهرست و منابع پایان نامه کنترل اتوماتیک فشار خون با استفاده از کنترلر PID و تنظیم پارامتر های آن توسط الگوریتم ژنتیک

فهرست:

فصل اول   مقدمه                                                                                           1

فصل دوم   بیماری فشارخون و روش های درمان پزشکی                                           4  

2-1   مقدمه                                                                                                4

2-2   تعریف فشار خون                                                                                  6

2-3   انواع فشار خون                                                                                    7

2-3-1   علائم                                                                                             7

2-3-2   تشخیص                                                                                         8

2-3-3   درمان                                                                                            8

2-4   افزایش فشار خون                                                                                 11                                

2-4-1   شکل فشار خون بدخیم یا تشدید شده                                                    12                

2-5   عوارض ناشی از فشار خون بالا                                                                  12

2-5-1   نارسایی قلبی                                                                                   12

2-5-2   نارسایی کلیه                                                                                   13

2-5-3   ضعف بینایی                                                                                    13

2-5-4   سکته مغزی                                                                                    13

2-5-5   حمله گذرای ایسکمی                                                                        14

2-5-6   فراموشی                                                                                        14

2-5-7   بیماری عروق قلبی                                                                            14

2-5-8   سکته (حمله) قلبی                                                                            15

2-5-9   بیماری عروق محیطی                                                                        15

2-6   شیوه های درمان فشار خون بالا                                                                15

2-7   برخی داروهای پایین آورنده فشار خون                                                        16

فصل سوم   استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک در تنظیم پارامترهای کنترلر PID                      17

3-1   مقدمه                                                                                               17

3-2   کنترلر PID                                                                                        18

3-2-1   مقدمه                                                                                            18

3-2-2   اجزای کنترلر                                                                                   19

3-2-3   PID پیوسته                                                                                   20

3-2-4   بهینه سازی کنترلر                                                                           20

3-2-5   مشخصات کنترلر های تناسبی-مشتق گیر-انتگرالگیر                                  21

3-2-6   مثالی از تنظیم پارامترهای کنترلر PID                                                   22

3-2-6-1   کنترل تناسبی                                                                              23

3-2-6-2   کنترل تناسبی – مشتق گیر                                                             24

3-2-6-3   کنترل تناسبی – انتگرالی                                                                25

3-2-6-4   اعمال کنترلر PID                                                                         26

3-3   الگوریتم ژنتیک                                                                                    27    

3-3-1   مقدمه                                                                                           27

3-3-2   تاریخچه الگوریتم ژنتیک                                                                     28

3-3-3   زمینه های بیولوژیکی                                                                         29

3-3-4   فضای جستجو                                                                                 30

3-3-5   مفاهیم اولیه در الگوریتم ژنتیک                                                            31

3-3-5-1   اصول پایه                                                                                   31

3-3-5-2   شمای کلی الگوریتم ژنتیک                                                              31

3-3-5-3   کد کردن                                                                                    32

3-3-5-4   کروموزوم                                                                                    32

3-3-5-5   جمعیت                                                                                      33

3-3-5-6   مقدار برازندگی                                                                             33

3-3-5-7   عملگر برش                                                                                 34

3-3-5-8   عملگر جهش                                                                               36

3-3-6   مراحل اجرای الگوریتم ژنتیک                                                              38

3-3-7   همگرایی الگوریتم ژنتیک                                                                    43

3-3-8   شاخص های عملکرد                                                                          44

3-3-8-1   معیارITAE                                                                                  44

3-3-8-2   معیار IAE                                                                                   44

3-3-8-3   معیار ISE                                                                                   44

3-3-8-4   معیار MSE                                                                                 45

3-4   تنظیم پارامترهای کنترلر PID با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک                              45

3-4-1   تاریخچه                                                                                         46

3-4-2   نحوه تنظیم پارامترهای کنترلر PID با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک                   46

3-5   مدل سازی ریاضی سیستم تنظیم فشار خون                                                47

3-5-1   مقدمه                                                                                           47

3-5-2   مدل های دینامیکی توسعه داده شده                                                      48

3-5-2-1   مدل اول                                                                                     48

3-5-2-2   مدل دوم                                                                                    49

3-5-2-3   مدل سوم                                                                                    50

3-5-2-4   مدل چهارم                                                                                 52

3-6   پیاده سازی سیستم تحویل دارو برای تنضیم فشارخون                                   53

فصل چهارم   الگوریتمهای هم تکاملی هم کارانه                                                    55

4-1   مقدمه                                                                                               55

4-1-1   مفهوم هم تکاملی در طبیعت                                                                55

4-1-2   الگوریتم های هم تکاملی ( CEAs)                                                        56

4-2   تاریخچه                                                                                            57

4-3   چرا از الگوریتمهای هم تکاملی استفاده می کنیم؟                                          58

4-3-1   فضای جستجوی بزرگ یا نامحدود                                                         59

4-3-2   عدم وجود یا مشکل بودن بیان ریاضی معیار مطلق برای ارزیابی افراد               60

4-3-3   ساختارهای پیچیده و یا خاص                                                              61

4-4   معایب هم تکاملی                                                                                 62

4-5   طبقه بندی الگوریتم های هم تکاملی                                                         64

4-5-1   ارزیابی                                                                                           64

4-5-1-1   کیفیت و چگونگی Payoff                                                              66

4-5-1-2   روش های اختصاص برازندگی                                                           66

4-5-1-3   روش های تعامل بین افراد                                                               67

4-5-1-4   تنظیم زمان به هنگام سازی                                                             68

4-5-2   نحوه نمایش                                                                                    69

4-5-2-1   تجزیه مسأله به اجزای کوچکتر                                                         69

4-5-2-2   توپولوژی فضایی                                                                           69

4-5-2-3   ساختار جمعیت                                                                            69

4-6   چهارچوب کلی الگوریتم هم تکاملی همکارانه                                                70

4-7   مقاوم بودن در الگوریتم های هم تکاملی هم کارانه                                         70

4-8   تئوری بازیهاوتحلیل الگوریتم هم تکاملی براساس مفاهیم تئوری بازی تکاملی         72

4-9   زمینه های کاربرد الگوریتم های هم تکاملی                                                  75

فصل پنجم   شبیه سازی ها و نتایج                                                                    78

5-1   مقدمه                                                                                               78

5-2   کنترل بهینه فشارخون حین عمل جراحی توسط الگوریتم ژنتیک                      78

5-2-1 شبیه سازی سیستم کنترل اتوماتیک فشارخون با کنترلر PID والگوریتم ژنتیک  79

5-2-1-1  انتخاب مدل ریاضی                                                                       79

5-2-1-2   انتخاب کنترلر                                                                              80

5-2-1-3   انتخاب تابع برازندگی برای الگوریتم ژنتیک                                           81

5-2-1-4   اعمال کنترلر و عمل کردن الگوریتم ژنتیک                                           82

5-2-2   نتایج شبیه سازی                                                                              84

5-2-3   پاسخ های حاصل از اجرای برنامه شبیه سازی شده                                     85

فصل ششم   نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادات                                                               88

6-1   نتیجه گیری                                                                                       88

6-2   پیشنهادات                                                                                         89

مراجع                                                                                                       90  

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